In the basic course in the field of traffic engineering, the first chapter explains the importance of the coupling and coordination of the four elements of human-vehicle-road-environment in the road traffic system. With the progress of The Times and the development of technology, "vehicle-road cooperation" has been endowed with many new connotations, and gradually developed into what we now call "intelligent vehicle-road cooperation".

Vehicle-road collaboration 1.0

In the 1.0 era, the theory of physical optics was mainly used to solve the blind area problem of drivers in the curve segment of small radius and the intersection. To expand the driver's vision, early detection of vehicles and pedestrians on the opposite side of the curve, in order to reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents. A variety of traffic safety facilities are adopted to solve the problem of vehicle-vehicle cooperation (driving behavior cooperation) in specific scenarios of opposite traffic.

Vehicle-road Collaboration 2.0

In the 2.0 era, road variable speed control system is the core, which mostly refers to road section control where variable speed signs are set up at certain intervals to instruct drivers to achieve uniform speed changes and avoid tail-end collision accidents when vehicles are crowded in the road section ahead.

Vehicle-road Collaboration 3.0

3.0 era is represented by driving safety warning system. More vehicle detectors and LED screens are used to further solve the problem of blind areas in drivers' visual field in small radius curve segments and intersections. The perception means include coil, microwave, video, geomagnetic and other types of vehicle detectors.

Vehicle-road Collaboration 4.0

The 4.0 era is mainly based on iot perception. The use of automatic electronic toll collection system, so that the road toll toward paperless, cashless management, fundamentally eliminate the loss of toll tickets, solve the problem of financial management chaos in the road toll. It also includes active luminous traffic signs based on Internet of Things technology, danger warning system of blind area of highway vision based on millimeter wave radar or machine vision, safety warning system of truck braking on continuous downhill road, etc., to solve the human-vehicle/vehicle-vehicle cooperation problem under various conditions.

Vehicle-road collaboration 5.0

5.0 era is based on C-V2X intelligent vehicle-road cooperation system. The transportation elements such as "people, vehicles, roads and clouds" are scientifically and reasonably linked together, evolving from ordinary cars to intelligent connected cars, supporting vehicles to obtain more information than a single bicycle, and promoting the innovation and application of autonomous driving technology.

* This article is an excerpt from the article "Evolution and Development of Vehicle-Road coordination" published by Zhanmushi on Zhihu.com.